Jurisdictions

• Exemption from all local taxes and stamp duty
• Maximum confidentiality and anonymity
• Ease of operation, maintenance and control
• Asset security
• No disclosure or minimum capital requirements
• Bearer shares are permitted
• A minimum of one shareholder is required for a Belize company registration
• A minimum of one director is required for a Belize company registration
• Corporate directors and shareholders are permitted
• Incorporations within two or three days
• Excellent and flexible post-incorporation follow-up services
• No statutory requirement to hold annual general meetings
• Highly competitive fees and costs

By forming a company in the BVI means setting up a so-called BVI Business Company or BVI BC. These are the most popular form of offshore companies in the world. They are available to residents of any country in the world and can be formed as a continuation of another company in another part of the world. There are many benefits to a BVI BC:

• 0% corporate tax
• 0% capital gains tax
• 0% profit tax
• 0% gift tax
• 0% sales tax / Value Added Tax
• 0% inheritance tax
• No stamp duty except for land transactions in the British Virgin Islands itself
• No restrictions on doing business anywhere in the world
• Ability to transfer and repatriate money without fees
• No currency exchange fees or limitations
• A minimum of one shareholder is required for a BVI company formation
• A minimum of one director is required for a BVI company formation
• Corporate directors and shareholders are permitted
• No need to publicise company directors, officers, owners or shareholders

• Exemption from all local taxes and stamp duty
• Maximum confidentiality and anonymity
• Ease of operation, maintenance and control
• Asset security
• No disclosure or minimum capital requirements
• A minimum of one shareholder is required for a Cayman Islands company registration
• A minimum of one director is required for a Cayman Islands company registration
• Excellent and flexible post-incorporation follow-up services
• No statutory requirement to hold annual general meetings

• Cyprus has just 12.50% Corporation Tax being one of the lowest rates in Europe
• Foreign tax burden is assumed to have covered tax paid by lower level subsidiaries, therefore dividends received from subsidiaries or associates are rarely taxed.
• Tax – exempt for business profits of non-resident companies.
• Where a dividend is not exempt they are subject to a defence tax of 20%, but any tax withheld at source can be deducted from this even if it is from a country that does not hold a double tax treaty with Cyprus
• Tax credits are available as per any double tax treaties held by Cyprus, which currently holds more than 40 double tax treaties with more under negotiation
• If there is not a double tax treaty in place Cyprus affords a credit for any foreign tax paid on the income
• No tax on disposal of securities as defined by tax law
• Tax exemption on dividends, interest or royalties paid to non-residents (subject to conditions)
• Tax exemption on profits from sale of shares from the stock exchange.
• No capital gains tax in Cyprus on sale of immovable property held outside Cyprus if the company is tax resident in Cyprus
• Losses can be carried forward and set off against the profits for the next five years..
• Group relief is available on losses setting off profits with losses providing that both companies are tax resident in Cyprus.
• The tax law of Cyprus was reformed in 2002 and is considered one of the most modern, effective and simple tax system in the EU
• Cyprus’ tax system is in law is fully compliant with EU Parent -Subsidiary Directive, the EU Mergers Directive, The EU Directive on Mutual Assistance and Cooperation, the EUR Royalty and Interest Directive and OECD regulations and all of Cyprus’s double tax treaties are based on the OECD model

Other benefits

• Cyprus is a full member of the EU
• Cyprus is centrally located and is often referred to as the gateway to Europe
• English is widely spoken and is the primary language of Business.
• The main currency is Euro, but it can operate easily in a variety of currencies
• Companies can be opened within a few days
• Cyprus as a reputation for having a modern and competitive infrastructure

• Incorporation fees and annual fees are very low.
• Delaware law has been tested and provides predictability.
• Delaware regularly updates its laws to remain the leading state for incorporation.
• Delaware allows the owners and managers of an LLC to remain anonymous.
• Delaware has no sales tax or intangible personal property tax.
• No Delaware income tax has to be paid and a business license is not required if the Corporation does not do business in Delaware.
• A Delaware offshore company is a useful tool for those seeking to protect their assets from creditors, liabilities and excessive taxation.
• Those who form and own a partnership in Delaware are known as ‘members’ rather than ‘partners’ and the LLC itself is a distinct legal entity, separate from those who establish it. This means that LLC members are able to limit their risk and liability to their initial investment made into the corporation which means that the Delaware offshore incorporation of an LLC allows for far reaching personal asset protection.
• A Delaware offshore company is not required to report its assets which implements an additional layer of confidentiality protection; making it a less likely target for speculative Registered Agent/Office: Must maintain a registered office in the state of incorporation at the office of a registered agent.

• A Dubai Offshore Company is not a tax haven company; it is not on any black list. The UAE is considered a Schedule 3 FATP jurisdiction and complies with relevant anti-money laundering regulations.
• No Corporate or Personal Taxes payable. Only banks and companies active in the oil sector are subject to corporate taxes.
• Offers a high degree of anonymity. Directors and Shareholders information is not kept on public record.
• Tax exempt on Income tax
• Tax Exempt on corporate tax
• 100 % capital and profit repatriation
• 100 % ownership in Free Zones
• No import or export taxes
• No capital gains tax
• No value-added tax
• No Withholding Tax
• 100% foreign ownership
• Accounts are required to be prepared and approved by the directors. No audit requirement besides for audit liquidation
• A Dubai Offshore Company requires a minimum of one shareholder
• A Dubai Offshore Company requires a minimum of two directors
• Dubai Offshore Company can hold an account in a bank in the UAE
• Only Dubai Offshore Company can own real estate properties in Dubai
• Dubai is not a signatory to any international exchange of information agreements. This status is not expected to change as Dubai has no taxation gain from the participation of such treaties.
• The UAE has entered into some mutual assistance / double tax treaties with relevant jurisdictions such as Malayisa, Hong Kong and the UK. More will follow.

• Corporate Tax rate of just 10% (if the income does not arise or is received in Gibraltar this will not be liable)
• No capital gains tax
• No inheritance tax
• No wealth tax
• No gift tax – No sales tax
• No VAT – No estate duty –
• There is no taxation on dividends or interest paid by a Gibraltar company to non-resident recipients.
• Withholding tax on dividends is generally at a 0% rate unless paid to resident companies.
• No Audit Requirements except for public and large companies.
• the only EU finance center exempt from value added tax (VAT) / Tax exemption on VAT and other sales taxes.

• Attractive Tax Regime
• No Capital Gains Tax
• No withholding tax on dividends and interest
• No sales tax or VAT.
• Nominee Shareholders and Directors are allowed.
• Personal presence is not required.

• 6/7ths refund: This type of refund is generally due on those profits earned from trading activities. Taking into account such refund, the effective rate of tax works out at 5%.
• 5/7ths refunds: This type of refund is generally due in respect of income derived from passive interest and royalties and income from participating holdings which do not qualify for the participation exemption. The effect rate of tax works out at 10%.
• 2/3rds refund: Available in those instances where the company has claimed double taxation relief. The refund depends on the type of double taxation relief availed of and is limited to the tax paid in Malta.
• 100% refund: Applies when profits are derived from a participating holding which qualifies for the participation exemption.

• Remarkable fast incorporation time of only one business day and highly competitive fees and costs
• Exemption from all local taxes and stamp duty.
• All LLCs partnerships and corporations registered by non-residents and receiving its income outside the jurisdiction are statutorily exempt from taxation.
• No requirement to file financial statements or to complete annual returns. Maximum confidentiality and anonymity
• Ease of operation, maintenance and control
• Asset security
• No disclosure or minimum capital requirements
• A Marshall Islands IBC requires a minimum of one shareholder
• A Marshall Islands IBC requires a minimum of one director
• Corporate directors and shareholders are permitted
• Excellent and flexible post-incorporation follow-up services
• No statutory requirement to hold annual general meetings
• High level of confidentiality and in terms of potential risk of information disclosure to foreign Governments, the Marshall Islands is probably one of the most secure and confidential offshore jurisdictions.
• No currency exchange controls and capital can be expressed in any currency.
• No requirement for residency of Directors or Shareholders, and there is no obligation for an annual meeting to be held in the Marshall Islands.
• Extremely low share capital required for incorporation of only $1 USD.
• Migration of domicile permitted both into and out of the jurisdiction.

Companies are private entities that conduct business outside Mauritius, a GBC2 Company is not allowed to conduct business in Mauritius. The company may be a locally incorporated company or registered as a branch of a foreign company. Confidentiality is a major benefit and the identity of the beneficial owner can remain largely confidential thus making it a good structure for holding and managing private assets.

Forming a company in Mauritius is a simple, straightforward process. If correctly structured a Mauritius Company is an efficient, low-cost, legally tax efficient entity in which to conduct business. There are a number of benefits incorporating a company in Mauritius.

• High degree of privacy protection (using nominee Directors and shareholders).
• Mauritius company formation permits 100% foreign ownership meaning no local nominee is required.
• Only one Director and one Shareholder required.
• Legal tax exemption for GBC2 Companies but no access to the Mauritian Double Taxation Treaty allowed.
• No accounting or reporting requirements which minimize maintenance costs.
• GBC2 company enjoys limited liability without any paid-up capital (there is no minimum capital required).
• No withholding tax on the payment of dividends, interest or royalties by Mauritius companies.
• No Capital Gains Tax.
• No Stamp Duty on transfer of shares.
• Free repatriation of earnings.
• Migration from a foreign company to/from Mauritius is permitted.
• Shareholders and Directors can meet anywhere.
• Registered office and agent in Mauritius is required.

• Panama has a territorial tax system is interpreted that income is only taxed if it derives from Panama therefore no tax is payable when income is obtained from a source outside Panama.
• The incorporation process is quick and the ongoing maintenance costs are minimal.
• Minimal reporting requirements, no audit is necessary.
• Corporate assets or capital of a Panama company can be kept outside Panama.
• There are no residency requirements or restrictions with regards to Owners, Directors or Shareholders.
• Shareholders and Directors meetings may be held and the Directors may attend personally or by proxy.
• No restrictions on shares. Shares may be held in registered or bearer form.
• No paid up capital requirement.
• No inheritance tax.
• No currency exchange controls.
• Legal protection provided for confidentiality of business and banking transactions.
• Excellent infrastructure and communications.

• 0% corporate tax
• 0% capital gains tax
• 0% profit tax
• 0% gift tax
• 0% sales tax / Value Added Tax
• 0% inheritance tax
• Exemption from all local taxes and stamp duty
• Maximum confidentiality and anonymity
• Ease of operation, maintenance and control
• Asset protection
• No disclosure or minimum capital requirements
• A minimum of one shareholder is required for a Seychelles company formation
• A minimum of one director is required for a Seychelles company formation
• Incorporations within 1-2 days
• Cost effective ongoing maintenance.
• Excellent and flexible post-incorporation follow-up services
• No statutory requirement to hold annual general meetings in the Seychelles. They can be held anywhere in the world.

• English is the official business language and therefore all company reports are produced in English and all information is available in English.
• Common law is in place.
• Singapore is a world leader in foreign trade and investment and has one of the best business environments in the Asia Pacific region.
• Singapore is the best country in which to run a business per recent world bank study and it has been named as having the most open economy for international trade and investment and least corrupt economy in the world.
• Singapore has one of the most highly developed and well-regulated financial centers in the world which has been built on the highest regulatory and prudential standards.
• The Singaporean tax system is straightforward and stable.
• There are no restrictions for foreigners to be shareholders or Directors of a Singapore company.
• The incorporation process for a Singapore company is quick and efficient.
• No minimum requirements for share capital.
• Only one Director and Shareholder is required to form a limited liability company.
• There is a concept of territorial taxation where foreign source trade profit is not subject to Singapore income tax if it is not repatriated in Singapore.
• There is no capital gains tax in Singapore.
• Foreign dividends are not subject to Singapore income tax.
• Tax credits for foreign tax paid are available in Singapore. However, they are is subject to some conditions.
• There are some partial income tax exemptions available in Singapore.
• There is no net worth tax in Singapore.
• Intensive double tax agreement system with more than 60 agreements signed and ratified with other countries.

• Limitation of Liability: This is the main advantage of a Private Limited Company. The company is a separate corporate body from the individual and liability for payment of the debt stops with the company.
• Profit Distribution: Profits made by the company can be distributed to the Shareholders in the form of dividends.
• Ownership & Control: Private Limited Companies are flexible in their control and ownership and decisions can be made quickly and easily.
• Separate Entity & Succession: Being a separate entity a Private Limited Company can benefit from continued existence and ownership can be easily transferred to another person.
• Flexibility of Objectives: Because Private Limited Companies do not have to set the objectives for their business in the Memorandum of Association this leaves companies free to operate in many areas and markets.
• UK tax exemptions for foreign dividends and capital gains from substantial shareholders
• The UK has one of the widest networks of double tax treaties with over 120 currently in force and others under negotiation
• Absence of withholding taxation on dividends paid to offshore companies or trusts
• Generous audit exemptions
• No-minimum paid up share capital
• No capital duty
• Flexible company law
• Highly respectable corporate image

Non-UK nationals can use UK companies to override domestic anti-avoidance legislation under Community Law principles